Bitcoin ownership in 2026 remains spread across its creator, exchanges, ETF issuers, public companies, governments, private firms, and unknown wallets. Arkham data shows that Satoshi Nakamoto remains the largest identified Bitcoin holder when related wallets are grouped into one entity. The figures also show that major custodians and exchanges control large balances, often on behalf of customers rather than for direct corporate ownership.
Meanwhile, spot Bitcoin ETFs and treasury companies now account for a large share of tracked institutional holdings.
Satoshi Nakamoto Leads Bitcoin Holder Entity Rankings
Satoshi Nakamoto remains the largest Bitcoin-holding entity, according to Arkham’s April 2026 breakdown. The Bitcoin creator is linked to about 1.096 million BTC, worth around $82 billion at current prices. Arkham said the attribution is based on the Patoshi Pattern, a known early mining pattern connected to Satoshi-linked activity.
Arkham’s research indicates that Satoshi acquired the holdings by mining about 22,000 blocks in Bitcoin’s early years. These holdings represent about 5.5% of Bitcoin’s total supply. The wallets remain central to Bitcoin ownership data because they have not shown regular movement over the years.
Coinbase ranks as the second-largest entity, with about 976,000 BTC. The figure includes assets held for the exchange and customers using its custody services. Coinbase controls about 5% of Bitcoin’s supply, while Binance holds about 631,000 BTC across tagged wallets.
Bitcoin Holder List | Source: X
ETFs and Treasury Firms Hold Large BTC Stakes
BlackRock is the largest Bitcoin ETF issuer in Arkham’s ranking, with around 799,000 BTC. The holdings reflect the rapid growth of spot Bitcoin ETFs after their U.S. launch in January 2024. Arkham identified the on-chain locations of several ETF holdings after the products began trading.
Fidelity, Grayscale, Bitwise, ARK Invest and Morgan Stanley are also listed among ETF-related issuers tracked by Arkham. Grayscale’s Bitcoin is reportedly spread across more than 1,750 addresses, with each holding no more than 1,000 BTC. These ETF balances show how public market products now control a large share of visible institutional Bitcoin.
Strategy remains the largest public company holder, with total holdings of about 781,000 BTC. Arkham noted that its verified on-chain figure is lower because around 184,000 BTC is held through Fidelity Custody. The company’s full Bitcoin stack is valued at about $59 billion based on the report’s pricing.
Governments Hold Seized and Mined Bitcoin
The United States Government ranks as the largest government Bitcoin holder, with about 328,000 BTC. Arkham said the balance comes from asset seizures, including funds linked to the Bitfinex hack, Silk Road cases and the LuBian hacker address. The U.S. holdings represent about 1.6% of Bitcoin’s total supply.
Governments BTC | Source: X
The United Kingdom follows with about 61,000 BTC. The holdings are linked to Bitcoin seized by the Metropolitan Police from Jian Wen and Zhimin Qian. Arkham also lists El Salvador with about 7,600 BTC, the UAE Royal Group with about 7,000 BTC and Bhutan’s Druk Holdings with about 3,500 BTC.
El Salvador’s holdings come from its sovereign Bitcoin purchases and daily accumulation policy. Bhutan’s holdings are tied to Bitcoin mining through its sovereign investment arm. However, Arkham noted that Bhutan’s Bitcoin stack has declined from about 6,000 BTC to 3,500 BTC in 2026.
Binance Wallet Tops Individual Address List
The largest individual Bitcoin wallet belongs to a Binance cold wallet holding about 249,000 BTC. Another Binance cold wallet ranks second with about 145,000 BTC. Robinhood and Bitfinex cold wallets follow with about 141,000 BTC and 130,000 BTC, respectively.
A U.S. Government wallet tied to the Bitfinex hack recovery holds about 95,000 BTC. Tether’s Bitcoin reserve wallet holds around 97,000 BTC. Arkham also lists an unattributed wallet with about 92,000 BTC, making it one of the largest individual addresses without a confirmed owner.
Several unknown Bitcoin wallets still hold billionaire-level balances. The largest unattributed wallets contain about 92,000 BTC, 78,000 BTC, 54,000 BTC, 52,000 BTC and 44,000 BTC. These balances show that some of Bitcoin’s largest holders remain unidentified, even as blockchain data continues to track large movements.
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